Intel SSD Firmware Update Tool
https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/30509?v=t
https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/30373?v=t
https://downloadmirror.intel.com/30509/eng/CLI-Intel-MAS-1.8-User-Guide-Public-342245-010US.pdf
# latest version
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/19520/intel-memory-and-storage-tool-cli-command-line-interface.html?v=t

wget https://downloadmirror.intel.com/30373/eng/Intel%C2%AE_SSD_FUT_3.0.11.zip

intelmas show -output json
intelmas load -f -intelssd 0
intelmas show -output json -intelssd -sensor

for NVME_ID in $(intelmas show -output json -intelssd | jq '.[] | select(.ProductFamily | contains("Intel")) .Index'); do
    intelmas show -intelssd ${NVME_ID}
    intelmas load -force -intelssd ${NVME_ID}
done

Intel NVMe firmware update with Intel SSD Data Center Tool (deprected)
Check for latest version: https://downloadcenter.intel.com/search?keyword=SSD+Firmware+Update+Tool

URL=https://downloadmirror.intel.com/29720/eng/Intel_SSD_DCT_3.0.26_Linux.zip

wget ${URL} -O /tmp/Intel_SSD_Data_Center_Tool_Linux.zip
unzip -d /tmp /tmp/Intel_SSD_Data_Center_Tool_Linux.zip
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/isdct_*_amd64.deb

# Enable support for devices behind LSI RAID controller
isdct set -system EnableLSIAdapter=true

# show all avaiable Intel NVMe devices
isdct show -intelssd

isdct show -d Index,FirmwareUpdateAvailable -intelssd
isdct show -o json -d DevicePath -intelssd | jq -r .[].DevicePath

# update firmware
isdct load -intelssd 0

Flash all Intel NVMe drives

for NVME_ID in $(isdct show -d Index -intelssd | grep Index | cut -d ":" -f2); do
    isdct show -intelssd ${NVME_ID}
    yes | isdct load -intelssd ${NVME_ID}
done

Links
https://www.thomas-krenn.com/de/wiki/Intel_SSD_Data_Center_Tool
https://downloadcenter.intel.com/de/download/28639/Intel-SSD-Data-Center-Tool-Intel-SSD-DCT-?product=87278